Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

By Mowafak Dauod Salman, J Tarrés-Call, Year 2018, File Type: PDF

The aim of this monograph is to provide a general overview of the geographical distribution of various tick species which have proven their involvement in the transmission of the pathogens causing animal diseases and zoonoses in Europe, the Middle East and the Mediterranean basin.

As blood-feeding parasites, ticks are able to transmit to their hosts a wide variety of pathogens which may cause tick-borne infections and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect wild and domestic animals, including companion animals. The transmission of pathogens among ticks may occur transovarially, i.e. the pathogen is transmitted via the eggs from females to their offspring, transstadially from larva to nymph and/or from nymph to adult, and Venere ally during copulation from male to female tick. Download: Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

Vectorial competence is the overall ability of a vector tick species to transmit a pathogen to a range of receptive vertebrate hosts in a given location at a specific time. The TBDs usually are geographically distributed within the range of their vectors. Some of these infections/diseases can give clinical signs which can be severe (in the acute phase) but can also present as subclinical forms (mainly in endemic areas) in animals or humans.

Furthermore, co- infection with different pathogens can occur in the same vertebrate animal when the same tick species transmits more than one pathogen (e.g. Hepatozoon canis, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus), or when two or more tick species infest an animal or human at the same time (Belongia, 2002; Stan´czak et al., 2002; Bremer et al., 2005; Halos et al., 2005; Swanson et al., 2006). TBD co-infections by ticks are frequent in companion animals living in endemic areas and this may often impair an appropri-ate aetiological diagnosis (EFSA, 2007).

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